What is the primary treatment for iron deficiency anemia?

The primary treatment for iron deficiency anemia is oral iron supplements. This approach is favored because it effectively replenishes iron stores in the body and is generally well tolerated by patients. Oral iron, such as ferrous sulfate, is taken regularly over a period of months to restore hemoglobin levels and improve symptoms associated with anemia.

Intravenous iron administration is typically reserved for cases where oral supplementation is not effective or when the patient cannot tolerate it, such as in those with gastrointestinal disorders or significant malabsorption. Blood transfusions are generally not used for routine treatment of iron deficiency anemia; they may be necessary in severe cases or when immediate elevation of hemoglobin is needed. Vitamin B12 injections are specific for treating deficiencies related to vitamin B12 rather than iron deficiency anemia, making them irrelevant in this context.

Therefore, oral iron supplements remain the first-line treatment, providing a practical and effective means to address the underlying deficiency in most patients.