What is the most common cause of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children?

The most common cause of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is genetic predisposition. Research indicates that certain genetic factors significantly increase the risk of developing ALL. For instance, chromosomal abnormalities, like those seen in Down syndrome, can create a higher likelihood of leukemia development. Additionally, familial patterns of leukemia suggest that inherited genetic factors play a role in predisposition to ALL.

While environmental toxins, viral infections, and radiation exposure have been studied as potential contributors to the development of leukemia, they are not considered the primary causes in the context of children's acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Environmental toxins may have a role in some cases, but they lack the strong association seen with genetic predisposition. Similarly, while certain viral infections have been loosely linked to an increased risk of leukemia, they do not have the same level of evidence supporting their role as a common cause. Radiation exposure is a recognized risk factor for leukemia; however, it is not prevalent among the general child population. Thus, genetic factors are the most significant and well-supported causes of ALL in children.